How to detect with avometer electron yuan parts of an apparatus? Electronic component measures a base
In normal industrialized production, set yuan of special parts of an apparatus to choose detect workshop, stock a lot of general choose with appropriative detect equipment and instrument, but to spare electron lover, have these requirements impossibly, even so, also cannot be opposite in order to abandon absolutely of yuan of parts of an apparatus choose and detect the job, the electron that uses because of a lot of electron lover yuan mail-order comes to parts of an apparatus, have quality goods among them, also have defective goods, more it is spare taste or benefit things, if be before installation incorrect they undertake filtration detecting, once solder joins printed circuit board go up, discover circuit cannot work normally, go checking again, waste a lot of time and energy not only, and tear open will tear open go damaging component reachs printed circuit very easily board.
One, exterior quality inspection
Take an electron yuan after parts of an apparatus, should see its exterior have without apparent attaint. Be like transformer, see its all down-lead have deny break off, appearance has without rustily, line bag, framework has wait without damaged. Be like dynatron, see its appearance have without damaged, bring a foot to have without break off or rustily, the type that examines parts of an apparatus to go up even is clear but differentiate. To and so on of potentiometer, alterable capacitor adjustable component, check even inside adjusting range, its activity is agile, degree of tightness is appropriate, should not have mechanical noise, feel is good, make sure each contact contact is good.
All sorts of different electrons yuan the characteristic that parts of an apparatus has oneself and requirement, each lover should understand a few function that concern each component and parameter, characteristic more at ordinary times, accumulate experience.
2, of electric function choose
The electronic device that should assure trial-produce can stabilize ground electrify for a long time to work, and withstand uses environment and other likelihood the test of the element, to the electron yuan the filtration of parts of an apparatus is a necessary process. Alleged choose, it is pair of electrons yuan parts of an apparatus brings to bear on a kind of stress or a variety of stress experiment, the inherent flaw that reveals yuan of parts of an apparatus and the integrality that does not destroy it. Filtration theory is: If experiment and stress grade choice are proper, inferior goods is met invalidation, and admirable taste a meeting to pass. People discovers in long-term manufacturing practice new make the electron that come out yuan parts of an apparatus, when strong investment is used, average failure rate is higher, be called early failure, after passing early failure, electron yuan parts of an apparatus entered normal operating period phase, generally speaking, in this one phase, electron yuan the failure rate of parts of an apparatus can be reduced greatly. Crossed normal use level, electron yuan parts of an apparatus entered consume ageing period phase, that will mean die a natural death. This rule, just be like curve of a tub, people call it the electron yuan the efficiency curve of parts of an apparatus, if pursue,1 is shown.
Electron yuan the reason of invalidation of parts of an apparatus, because be in,be the raw material that design and chooses when production or technology measure are undeserved and those who cause. Yuan the early failure of parts of an apparatus is very harmful, but inevitable. Accordingly, people can create inchoate job condition artificially only, before making a product thereby inferior goods eliminate, let enter normal use phase at the beginning with yuan of parts of an apparatus or appliance that makes at the product, reduce be no longer in force, increase its dependability.
In normal electronic factory, adoption ageing chooses a project to have commonly: High temperature puts lay aside ageing; Ageing of loop of high low temperature; High low temperature pounds ageing and ageing of high temperature power to wait.
Among them ageing of high temperature power is the electron that gives a test yuan electrify of parts of an apparatus, imitate works actually condition, plus ＋ 80 ℃ – the high temperature of 180 ℃ of ＋ experiences a few hours, it is one kind is opposite a variety of potential trouble have yuan of parts of an apparatus examine the significant step of action, also be a kind of method that uses at most at present.
To the amateur, in sheet in the electronic process that make, be unlikely to adopt these methods to undertake ageing detects, below most circumstance, used the means of natural ageing. Before be being used for example will yuan parts of an apparatus deposits period of time, let an electron yuan the test of high temperature of summer of experience of naturally of parts of an apparatus and winter low temperature, detect next again their electric function, look to whether accord with use requirement, actor puts bad discard. The electron to a few urgent need yuan parts of an apparatus, also can use means of ageing of simple and easy report, can use the pulsatile direct current source with an output adjustable voltage, make be added in the electron yuan parts of an apparatus the voltage of two end the working voltage of rating of component of summary prep above, tone commutate crosses the voltaic intensity of yuan of parts of an apparatus, make its power is 1.5 – 2 times rated power, electrify a few minutes longer even, those who use oneself of yuan of parts of an apparatus is characteristic and calorific warm up, complete process of simple and easy ageing.
3, yuan of parts of an apparatus detect
Course visual examination and the electron after ageing is handled yuan parts of an apparatus, still must pass electric to its function and technical parameter ground to measure, in order to define its actor of low quality, eliminate those already yuan of parts of an apparatus of invalidation.
Of course, to different electron yuan the measuring instrument with due and different parts of an apparatus implement, but to spare electron lover, do not have special electron to measure the condition of the instrument commonly, but at least is due an avometer, use avometer to be able to be opposite a few commonly used electrons yuan parts of an apparatus undertakes detecting roughly. All sorts of electrons yuan the report that parts of an apparatus involves performance data is very much, the must want to clear up concerned parameter that we should go to according to the spare drag in that make undertakes detecting, and need not detect one by one to all parameter of this yuan of parts of an apparatus.
A few kinds are listed below basic of yuan of parts of an apparatus detect.
1, resistor
It is a kind of component with the most wide application in all electron device, also be one of the cheapest electron component. It is a kind of linear component, the main use in circuit has: Current limliting, step-down, cent pressing, billabong, match, laden, damp, sampling. Detect when this component, what basically see it is nominal block value and the error rate that measure block value actually.
In much production, because treatment process is medium each working procedure is right the action of resistor, the real value of resistor is accomplished impossibly as nominal as it the value is completely consistent, because this its block value has disperse sex, to facilitate management and organization are produced, need according to what use on the project, gave out tolerance value, be like ± 5% , ± 10% , ± 20% . Detect plus avometer the error when resistor, ask its error does not exceed tolerance commonly 10% think namely eligible. At the same time Yi Ke judges its actor of low quality integratedly through visual examination.
2, capacitor
Capacitor also is the electron that uses at most in electronic device yuan one of parts of an apparatus. Its quality stand or fall affects overall performance directly, also be the component of easy invalidation at the same time. When checking capacitor, if electroanalysis the keep in storage of capacitor period exceeded 3 years, can think this component already invalidation. Did not leave factory on some capacitor mark of fixed number of year, the exterior is in good condition nondestructive, naked eye judges the quality issue that gives it very hard, because this must want,undertake detecting to it.
Capacitor is held the position of in circuit lie between wave of straight, filter, bypass, coupling, counteract, retreat Ou, harmonious, oscillation to wait. Its common breakdown has puncture, leakage of electricity, be no longer in force (dry up) .
Using the ohmic archives of avometer to check capacitor used capacitor to be able to fill discharge principle to undertake, the highest span that should choose ohmic archives at this moment (Ω of R × 1k or Ω of R × 10k) will measure. If pursue,2 are shown.
Of the two watches club when avometer and capacitor two when bringing a foot to connect, deflexion of direction of time of the Xian Xiangshun that express a needle an angle, call capacitor right now charge, should charge when certain level, capacitor begins to discharge again, right now the finger of avometer returns ∞ position.
In measuring a process, the point of view that watch needle swings is older, explain detects capacitor size is larger. ∞ point is approached more after watch needle is returned, explain detects capacitor leakage of electricity is smaller, the quality of the capacitor that detects namely is higher.
Measure electroanalysis when capacitor, because its bring a foot to have, the cent of negative pole, answer to receive red watch baton the negative pole of capacitor, black list club receives the anode of capacitor, measuring the resistance of leakage of electricity that come out so just is correct. When be being received instead, resistor of general leakage of electricity should be compared when be being received small, use this, still can judge those who go out to indicate without polarity to electroanalysis the polarity of capacitor.
If the size of capacitor is too small, if be under 4700P, can check it only whether leakage of electricity or puncture, in if be in,be being measured, watch needle swings not to wind ∞ point, stay in however 0 – the intermediate some that ∞ is in locally, explain this capacitor leakage of electricity is serious; Also can adopt the measure that the graph shows 3 times.
In avometer and be measured add between small capacitor install dynatron of a NPN silicon, ask its β value is more than 100, collector – blast off extremely the compression between should be more than 25V, ICEO Yue Xiaoyue is good.
The capacitor that be measured receives two end of A, B. Because the electric current of dynatron VT puts large action, the capacitor of lesser capacity also can cause watch needle relatively substantially swing, return ∞ position next, if cannot return what be in to ∞ , criterion but appraise measures a resistance of leakage of electricity.
To the alterable capacitor, capacitor that draw a line, yi Ke detects with avometer give them to have deny touch piece or leakage of electricity, short circuit.
3, inductor
Inductor is a kind nonlinear component, can store magnetism can. Because pass the electric current of inductance to be worth cannot choppy, so, inductance sheds short circuit to dc, submit tall block form to choppy electric current.
Inductor has in the main use in circuit:
Clutch stream, wave of communication load, oscillation, defect, harmonious, compensation, deflexion. When using avometer to undertake detecting to its, can judge the dc resistance that gives it only namely, if had indicated numeric inductor, want its dc resistance to be accorded with roughly only, can regard qualification as.
4, crystal diode
Crystal diode is a kind nonlinear parts of an apparatus, its, the resistance six to one that returns two way, this is the one-way conductivity of diode. In circuit, use this one character, can make rectification, demodulation, Qian, be restricted, damp, segregation.
When measuring diode with avometer, can choose Ω of 1k of × of ohmic archives R. Because diode has one-way conductivity, its, retrorse resistor is unequal, both block value differs to had been jumped over greatly more.
To commonly used small-power diode, retrorse resistor should be compared counting centuple above greatly to resistor.
With red watch the club receives the anode of diode, black list club receives its negative pole, those who measure is retrorse resistor. Conversely, red watch club receives the negative pole of diode, black list club receives its anode, those who measure is to resistor.
Of all diode be in commonly to resistor 100 Ω – 1k Ω left and right sides;
Of silicon detector reaching thousands of Europe in hundreds of Europe commonly to resistor. If measure those who get it, retrorse resistor is infinity, explain this diode is in-house already open circuit;
If its, retrorse resistor all is 0, demonstrative diode is in-house already short circuit; If its, retrorse resistor differs very few, the performance that shows diode becomes poor invalidation. The diode of 3 kinds of circumstances all cannot use occurrence above.
5, crystal dynatron
Dynatron is the important element in electronic device, its quality actors or actress bad matters to the dependability that the system works and stability directly, accordingly, it is one of component that need to undertake ageing is chosen most. Foregone the model of a dynatron and pin are arranged, can use laws of following simple and easy test to judge its performance. What should notice is: To dynatron of general small-power low pressure, unfavorable use archives of Ω of R × 10k to have a test, lest express the dynatron of tall voltage attaint inside.
When the size of penetrable electric current that checking dynatron, can use what the graph shows 4 times to measure a way, what be measured in the graph is NPN dynatron, if be NPN dynatron, its check a club to answer with pin exchange.
The span of avometer chooses R × commonly 100 or archives of Ω of R × 1k, ask measures resistance has been jumped over greatly more, to in the germanium canal of power, this value should be more than thousands of Europe; To silicon canal, this value should be more than hundreds 1000 Europe.
The numerical value that if measure,gets is too little, the penetrable electric current that shows tube is big, the performance of pipe is bad.
If measure when the watch needle of avometer is pendulous, the stability that shows tube is very poor. If measure gotten block value to be close to Yu Ling, demonstrative pipe is in-house already puncture short circuit, cannot use.
When the enlarge function β that checks dynatron is worth, can use the estimate that the graph shows 5 times to measure a way. If be measured to be in charge of,be NPN model, can check by this method, if be measured,the canal is PNP criterion joins by dotted line means. The needle is expressed to answer when measuring right deflexion, its deflexion point of view is older, the enlarge multiple β that shows tube is bigger.
Not big or the point of view that if add electrify block,watch needle changes after R is radical changeless, the enlarge effect that shows tube very poor or had damaged. The block value of its R can be in 51k Ω – choose inside 100k Ω limits. Use the resistor of hand possibly also, the C-b that holds a pipe with the hand is polar, but do not make their short circuit, replace R with the skin resistance of the hand.
To canal of knot field effect, foregone model and pin, if use avometer to measure G (grid) with S (source pole) between, g and D (leakage pole) between without PN knot resistor, explain this pipe is bad already. The file of Ω of R × 1k that uses avometer, the S that its express a club to receive attendant effect to be in charge of respectively extremely and on D pole, touch with the hand next touch pipe and G extremely, if express a needle to be not moved, explain pipe is bad; If express a needle to have relatively substantially swing, explain pipe is usable. Symbol of circuit of canal of knot field effect and if the graph is shown 6 times,cite a base.
Although the pipe measurement technique that above place narrates is rough, but general practical, if be about to undertake stricter measurement is chosen, criterion appropriate uses special test instrument.
6, integrated circuit
The class of integrated circuit, breed is very much, below spare condition, electronic lover does not have special test method it seems that, when using avometer to undertake metrical, can contrast only foregone collect is agglomerate the data that cite a base, undertake contrast with measures data and foregone data, judge the stand or fall with an agglomerate collect that be measured thereby.
Also can join a simple experiment circuit, will compositive piece the test has in inserting circuit, if can be finished certain function or accord with some kind of logistic relation to be able to be used. If have a test to musical integrated circuit, can make a simple and easy circuit first, of integrated circuit of put apart music insert a foot (or with clincher) , circuit of park of musical integrated circuit in, if phonate,can use normally, cannot use otherwise.
7, other electron yuan parts of an apparatus
All sorts of switch that as usual uses, receive diode of plug-in unit, glow, loudhailer, earphone to wait, basically detect with avometer their open a case. To glow diode and loudhailer, earphone, group of usable also batteries will experiment to its give off light or phonate program, will judge its actor of low quality with this.